Skype is a freemium voice-over-IP service as well as 2nd messaging client, currently developed past times the Microsoft Skype Division. The advert was derived from “sky” as well as “peer”. Skype was starting fourth dimension released inwards August 2003. It was created past times by Janus Friis (Denmark) as well as Niklas Zennström (Sweden) inwards cooperation alongside Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, as well as Jaan Tallinn (Estonia), who supplied the backend which was also used inwards Kazaa. Skype had 663 1 one 1000 thousand registered users equally of the cease of 2010. It was bought past times Microsoft inwards 2011 for $8.5 billion. Microsoft’s Skype partition headquarters is inwards Luxembourg, but most of the evolution squad as well as 44% of the overall employees of the partition are all the same situated inwards Tallinn as well as Tartu, Estonia.
The service allows users to communicate alongside peers past times phonation using a microphone, video past times using a webcam, as well as 2nd messaging over the Internet. Phone calls may hold upwardly placed to recipients on the traditional telephone networks. Calls to other users inside the Skype service are costless of charge, spell calls to landline telephones as well as mobile phones are charged via a debit-based user concern human relationship system. Skype has also buy the farm pop for its additional features, including file transfer, as well as videoconferencing. Competitors include SIP as well as H.323-based services, such equally Linphone as well as Google Hangouts.
Unlike most other VoIP services, Skype is a hybrid peer-to-peer as well as client–server system. It makes purpose of background processing on computers running Skype software, as well as this is reflected inwards Skype’s master proposed advert of Sky Peer-to-Peer.
Some network administrators receive got banned Skype on corporate, government, domicile as well as instruction networks, citing reasons such equally inappropriate usage of resources, excessive bandwidth usage, as well as security concerns.[Source:Wikipedia]
Microsoft released Skype for Linux users (interesting that Microsoft, the challenger for Linux released Linux parcel which only shows how powerful as well as demanding Linux communities has became).
You should hold upwardly able to download Skype from Official website.
But that’s zilch compared to what yous receive got to buy the farm through to install it. I’ve seen also many posts inwards Kali Forum as well as other weblog sites that explains how to install Skype. Every 1 of them says to purpose apt-get -f install or inwards short, to strength your installation drive none of them managed to practise a build clean install as well as forcing dependencies was the exclusively way to consummate their installation. Now, nosotros all know past times doing that yous volition cease upwardly alongside broken dependencies. Also yous should know how to gyre dorsum your changes (remove Skype as well as dependency packages). In this post service I volition present yous the followings:
- Install Skype from Microsoft’s official
skype-install.debparcel using MultiArch (i386). - Remove Skype
- Clean your broken dependencies
- A consummate rollback of MultiArch as well as build clean aptitude for remaining files.
Sound’s adept as well as fair? Because this post service is going to hold upwardly long, you’ll receive got to hold upwardly patient as well as read to the concluding line. I also suggest to practise it inwards Virtual Environment inwards instance you’re afraid to practise it inwards your principal installation. Personally, I installed it inwards my principal Kali Linux installation as well as zilch broke, I managed to practise a consummate installation as well as rollback coming together every dependency for Skype. So let’s motility on to the instructions for how to Install Skype inwards Kali Linux as well as rollback changes alongside coming together dependency requirements for both 32-bit as well as 64-bit installation.
Install Skype inwards Kali Linux
To install Skype inwards a 64-bit Kali Linux installation, yous volition postulate to enable MultiArch. For 32-bit (i386) it’s much easier. Please annotation that I’ve tested this inwards a 64-Bit Kali Linux installation, as well as then those who are using 32-Bit Kali Linux installation, instructions powerfulness hold upwardly slight different, inwards fact easier.
MultiArch is the term beingness used to refer to the capability of a organisation to install as well as run applications of multiple dissimilar binary targets on the same system. For illustration running a i386-linux-gnu application on an amd64-linux-gnu system.
Those who are using 64-bit Kali Linux installation, start from Step 1. Those who are using 32-Bit (i386) Kali Linux installation tin start from Step 2.
Step 1: Enable MultiArch inwards 64-bit Kali Linux
Enabling MultiArch is rather slow inwards Kali Linux. One matter to remember, yous postulate to receive got the Official Kali Linux Repository added. In instance yous messed upwardly your /etc/apt/sources.list file, next instructions on adding official Kali Linux repositories.
Now assuming you’re using 64-Bit Kali Linux Installation, type inwards the next inwards your terminal:
root@kali: # dpkg --add-architecture i386
How practise yous know yous managed to add together i386 Architecture? See below
root@kali: # truthful cat /var/lib/dpkg/arch
amd64
i386
In instance you’re wondering how to withdraw this i386 Architecture, yous tin practise it equally below:
root@kali: # dpkg --remove-architecture i386
So far as well as then good. I’ve also added a screenshot to present every stride earlier as well as afterward change.
Now to update aptitude to larn parcel listing from Kali Repository. Do an apt-get update
root@kali: # apt-get update
Step 2: Download as well as install Skype inwards Kali Linux
To download Skype, yous tin caput to Microsoft website as well as download it using using browser. The official parcel is available inwards the Microsoft Official Skype webpage
But yous tin also only download using wget which is a lot faster. Personally, I similar to create folder for each downloaded parcel as well as then that I know where they are. Type inwards the next ascendency to download Skype inwards a folder named Skype
root@kali: # mkdir Skype
root@kali: # cd Skype
root@kali: /Skype# wget -O skype-install.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb
Again this is shown inwards the next screenshot.
Now that nosotros receive got downloaded Skype package, nosotros tin endeavour to install it using dpkg command. (This is shown inwards every website as well as forums out there). I am showing it drive I desire to present the afterward math of those instructions. Please read on …
To install Skype parcel using dpkg, number the next command:
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg -i skype-install.deb
This is where it gets interesting.
NOTE: 32-bit Kali Linux users shouldn’t receive got whatever problems or errors. For 32-bit Kali Linux users, Skype volition install only fine. You tin motility to Step 5 on reckon instructions on How to Remove Skype from Kali Linux i386.
During the installation, yous powerfulness larn an error message nigh dependencies similar the following: (also shown inwards the screenshot above)
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg -i skype-install.deb
(Reading database ... 303315 files as well as directories currently installed.)
Preparing to supplant skype 4.2.0.11-1 (using skype-install.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement skype ...
dpkg: dependency problems foreclose configuration of skype:
skype depends on libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.5.3).
skype depends on libqt4-network (>= 4:4.8.0).
skype depends on libqt4-xml (>= 4:4.5.3).
skype depends on libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.7.0 beta1).
skype depends on libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0).
skype depends on libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.1.0 2011week13).
dpkg: fault processing skype (–install):
dependency problems – leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils …
Processing triggers for gnome-menus …
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme …
Errors were encountered spell processing:
skype
And the solution for dpkg: fault processing skype (–install) fault is to strength your installation
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get -f install
Then reinstall using dpkg
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg -i skype-install.deb
ARE YOU MAD? WHY WOULD SOMEONE FORCE INSTALLATION UNLESS IT’S ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY? YOU ARE BREAKING STUFF AND YOU DON’T EVEN KNOW HOW TO ROLLBACK.
I larn pissed when I reckon these posts that people tell strength it as well as you’ll hold upwardly fine. Why would yous post service something similar that? After this installation, yous volition cease upwardly inwards dependency problems correct left as well as center.
I justice that plenty ranting. Let’s motility on.
Step 3: Install gdebi to reckon install requirements
dpkg is a powerful tool, but it doesn’t install dependencies automatically. What nosotros postulate is some parcel installer that tin buy the farm out as well as fetch all required dependencies spell installing a .deb package. The best 1 out at that topographic point is gdebi.
To install gdebi number the next ascendency inwards terminal:
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get install gdebi
BANG!!!! See what I mean… Now I am getting those dependency problems as well as exclusively way to overcome that is to strength install. I am non going to practise that. I volition endeavour to resolve that starting fourth dimension as well as then that I tin install packages normally.
Step 3.1: Fixing Dependency problems inwards Kali Linux
Let’s endeavour to withdraw that i386 MultiArch. Naturally, I tried the next first
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg --remove-architecture i386
Nope, non adept plenty drive I got something that’s using i386 MultiArch.
Step 3.2: Autoclean, Autoremove, Purge Package Manager
So I tried autoclean, autoremove as well as purge.
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get autoclean
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get autoremove
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get purge
Still no good. Now yous tin reckon why I got MAD when I saw those posts telling yous to strength it. There’s few post service inwards Kali Forums where users messed upwardly their organisation inwards a similar mode as well as ended upwardly reinstalling Kali Linux because they couldn’t resolve dependencies as well as was unable to update or upgrade. But the occupation volition rest if yous don’t know how yous broke your installation on the starting fourth dimension place.
Step 3.3: Temporarily withdraw Skype
Now dorsum to issue. I before long realized that my Skype installation was one-half arsed as well as that was the 1 causing all these trouble. So let’s withdraw Skype temporarily.
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get withdraw skype
That went well!!!
Step 3.4: Finally withdraw MultiArch, update aptitude as well as install gdebi
Now withdraw i386 MultiArch, practise an apt-get update as well as install gdebi. We practise that apt-get update to refresh parcel manager listing (otherwise, Package Manager volition incorporate the parcel listing for i386 equally well).
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg --remove-architecture i386
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get update
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get install gdebi
Nice. Worked similar a charm. Now nosotros tin install Skype alongside all it’s dependencies using gdebi.
Step 4: Re-add i386 MultiArch, update parcel manager as well as Install Skype using gdebi
At this signal yous should hold upwardly dorsum to foursquare 1, yous receive got Kali Linux 64-Bit running without MultiArch enabled as well as Package Manager is working fine. No dependencies were broken. So nosotros tin re-add i386 MultiArch, update parcel manager as well as install Skype using GDebi. Follow the commands below:
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg --add-architecture i386
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get update
Step 4.1: Install Skype using gdebi
gdebi is rattling direct forward, yous tin only number the next ascendency to install Skype from the downloaded skype-install.deb package.
root@kali: /Skype# gdebi skype-install.deb
Reading parcel lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading dry soil information... Done
Building information structures... Done
Building information structures... Done
Requires the installation of the next packages:
gcc-4.7-base:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasound2:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libattr1:i386 libaudio2:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libavcodec53:i386 libavutil51:i386 libc6-i686:i386 libc6:i386 libcap2:i386 libcomerr2:i386 libcups2:i386 libdbus-1-3:i386 libdirac-encoder0:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi5:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgsm1:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libice6:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libjson0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms1:i386 liblzma5:i386 libmng1:i386 libmp3lame0:i386 libogg0:i386 libopenjpeg2:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpcre3:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libpulse0:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtdbus4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libschroedinger-1.0-0:i386 libselinux1:i386 libsm6:i386 libsndfile1:i386 libspeex1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386 libsqlite3-0:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libtasn1-3:i386 libtheora0:i386 libtiff4:i386 libuuid1:i386 libva1:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 libvorbisenc2:i386 libvpx1:i386 libwrap0:i386 libx11-6:i386 libx11-xcb1:i386 libx264-123:i386 libxau6:i386 libxcb1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386 libxi6:i386 libxml2:i386 libxrender1:i386 libxss1:i386 libxt6:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxv1:i386 libxvidcore4:i386 zlib1g:i386
Wherever yous are, wherever they are
Skype keeps yous together. Call, see, message as well as portion alongside others.
* It's costless to download as well as join.
* Call, 2nd message as well as shipping photos as well as documents to anyone else on Skype.
* And alongside a webcam yous tin conduct handgrip of upwardly face-to-face alongside a video call.
* Call mobiles as well as landlines worldwide at depression rates.
* Easily text message anywhere inwards the world.
* Get your friends together on a conference call.
.
And that's only the start...
Do yous desire to install the software package? [y/N]:y
Voila… GDebi worked similar a charm, it picked upwardly all the dependencies as well as would similar to install them. So nosotros tell YES!.
Step 4.2: Copy as well as salve dependency list
Just 1 thing, tin yous delight copy the dependency list as well as salve it into a text file..
When I dependency list, that agency this business office gcc-4.7-base:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasound2:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libattr1:i386 libaudio2:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libavcodec53:i386 libavutil51:i386 libc6-i686:i386 libc6:i386 libcap2:i386 libcomerr2:i386 libcups2:i386 libdbus-1-3:i386 libdirac-encoder0:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi5:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgsm1:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libice6:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libjson0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms1:i386 liblzma5:i386 libmng1:i386 libmp3lame0:i386 libogg0:i386 libopenjpeg2:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpcre3:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libpulse0:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtdbus4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libschroedinger-1.0-0:i386 libselinux1:i386 libsm6:i386 libsndfile1:i386 libspeex1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386 libsqlite3-0:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libtasn1-3:i386 libtheora0:i386 libtiff4:i386 libuuid1:i386 libva1:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 libvorbisenc2:i386 libvpx1:i386 libwrap0:i386 libx11-6:i386 libx11-xcb1:i386 libx264-123:i386 libxau6:i386 libxcb1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386 libxi6:i386 libxml2:i386 libxrender1:i386 libxss1:i386 libxt6:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxv1:i386 libxvidcore4:i386 zlib1g:i386.
Your dependency powerfulness hold upwardly slightly different, but every 1 of them should receive got :i386 at the cease of each parcel name. Don’t inquire me why, but only practise it, nosotros volition present the reasoning at the cease of this post.
Step 4.3: Finishing installation as well as running Skype
Following is something yous should at the cease of installation:
Get:1 http://http.kali.org/kali/ kali/main gcc-4.7-base i386 4.7.2-5 [143 kB]
Get:2 http://security.kali.org/kali-security/ kali/updates/main libgnutls26 i386 2.12.20-8 [606 kB]
Get:3 http://http.kali.org/kali/ kali/main libgcc1 i386 1:4.7.2-5 [53.3 kB]
Get:4 http://security.kali.org/kali-security/ kali/updates/main libavutil51 i386 6:0.8.10-1 [114 kB]
.
.
.....output truncated.....
.
.
Selecting previously unselected parcel skype.
(Reading database ... 344044 files as well as directories currently installed.)
Unpacking skype (from skype-install.deb) ...
Setting upwardly skype (4.2.0.13-1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ...
root@kali: /Skype#
That should accept a spell to download all dependencies as well as install Skype.
Locate Skype ICON from Application > Internet > Skype as well as run it.
Agree to the Terms as well as Conditions as well as select linguistic communication (your right’s for privacy as well as NSA to snoop onto yous etc. etc..)
Finally yous larn your Skype. Login as well as enjoy.
In instance your sound is mute yous powerfulness desire to follow this other article I wrote previously to ready that.There’s also some other number alongside PulseAudio configured for per-user sessions … (warning) during kicking yous powerfulness hold upwardly interested in.
But that’s non a critical issue..
However, rolling dorsum is….
Step 5: Removing Skype as well as it’s dependencies from Kali Linux
How would yous withdraw Skype instantly that yous receive got all those packages installed as well as MultiArch enabled? No alter is adept plenty if yous can’t rollback. This is why I emphasis on rollback for each alter (if possible). To withdraw Skype from Kali Linux delight follow the steps shown below:
Step 5.1: Removing Skype inwards 32-Bit Kali Linux
Easy…
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get withdraw skype
You don’t postulate to worry nigh dependencies drive yous are using 32-Bit Kali Linux Installation. In instance yous desire to, only autoclean, autoremove as well as purge.
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get autoclean
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get autoremove
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get purge
You’re set. 32-Bit Kali Linux users don’t postulate to read anymore, but I suggest to read on equally you’ll larn the persuasion on what to practise inwards a similar situation.
Step 5.2: Removing Skype inwards 64-Bit Kali Linux
First withdraw Skype using usual apt-get command
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get withdraw skype
This should only operate equally only removing Skype is similar removing whatever other packages.
Step 5.3: Remove MultiArch inwards 64-Bit Kali Linux
Now let’s endeavour to withdraw MultiArch i386 drive nosotros in all probability don’t postulate it anymore. Also I similar ensure I tin practise it..
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg --remove-architecture i386
Nope, nosotros are having precisely the same number equally earlier (see Step 3). Even afterward autoclean, autoremove as well as purge yous volition receive got the same number (well autoremove volition build clean a few things but non plenty to allow yous to withdraw MultiArch)
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get autoclean
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get autoremove
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get purge
Step 5.4: Remove remaining i386 dependencies from 64-Bit Kali Linux
Remember I said to salve Skype dependency listing inwards Step 4.2? That was a grand idea. All yous postulate to practise instantly is to glue those lines alongside apt-get remove. In this way, you’re making sure, you’re exclusively removing i386 packages that were installed equally business office of Skype installation as well as zilch else.
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get withdraw gcc-4.7-base:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasound2:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libattr1:i386 libaudio2:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libavcodec53:i386 libavutil51:i386 libc6-i686:i386 libc6:i386 libcap2:i386 libcomerr2:i386 libcups2:i386 libdbus-1-3:i386 libdirac-encoder0:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi5:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgsm1:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libice6:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libjson0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms1:i386 liblzma5:i386 libmng1:i386 libmp3lame0:i386 libogg0:i386 libopenjpeg2:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpcre3:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libpulse0:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtdbus4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libschroedinger-1.0-0:i386 libselinux1:i386 libsm6:i386 libsndfile1:i386 libspeex1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386 libsqlite3-0:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libtasn1-3:i386 libtheora0:i386 libtiff4:i386 libuuid1:i386 libva1:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 libvorbisenc2:i386 libvpx1:i386 libwrap0:i386 libx11-6:i386 libx11-xcb1:i386 libx264-123:i386 libxau6:i386 libxcb1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386 libxi6:i386 libxml2:i386 libxrender1:i386 libxss1:i386 libxt6:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxv1:i386 libxvidcore4:i386 zlib1g:i386
Following screenshot present the tail of this uninstallation.
Note that it is exclusively touching i386 packages. You should accept extra attention when pasting your saved dependency list, I would suggest to continue non i386 packages (but at that topographic point isn’t any)…
Step 5.5: Remove MultiArch i386 from 64-Bit Kali Linux
Now withdraw MultiArch i386, cheque /var/lib/dkpg/arch file as well as practise an apt-get update
root@kali: /Skype# dpkg --remove-architecture i386
root@kali: /Skype# truthful cat /var/lib/dpkg/arch
amd64
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get update
That’s it, you’re all set. endeavour installing something equally piddling equally htop or nethogs to ensure yous tin genuinely install packages as well as zilch else is broken.
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get install htop
root@kali: /Skype# apt-get install nethogs
No error? Nice, that’s what nosotros await from whatever installation.
Conclusion
Most Linux installations has a way to contrary it, good most of those. You should ever endeavour to detect a post service that says how to contrary something only to hold upwardly on security side. The to a higher identify changes tin hold upwardly made inwards Virtual Environment, as well as then experience costless to examine them as well as permit me know how it went.
But at the cease of this lengthy process, I started thinking myself if installting Skype was worth the trouble? I hateful if yous determine to continue Skype as well as receive got MultiArch enabled, yous volition larn i386 updates equally good equally 64-Bit updates. I tin non tell if yous volition receive got problems inwards hereafter because of MultiArch… All I tin tell that yous tin endeavour to purpose a Skype replacement that’s supported natively on Linux. There’s lots of packages similar that, Goober Messenger, Ekiga, Linphone, OoVoo, Empathy, SFLphone, Twinkle, Yate VoIP, QuteCom, Jitsi, Blink, Reflap etc. There yous go, something to think about.
Thanks for reading.
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